Dealing with uncertainty in medicine

In medicine, we wrestle with risk-assessment everyday and we are often misinformed in interpreting diagnostic tests and data. For instance: how likely is a patient with headache to require CT & LP? how safe is it to make a diagnosis of tension headache on clinical grounds only? Uncertainty causes a lot of stress to healthcare professionals and lead to over investigations and over-diagnosis. we will discuss this hot topic using clinical reasoning in decision making.